Lithium-ion battery technology has experienced substantial advancements in recent years, driving improvements in energy density, charging speed, and overall performance. These advancements have revolutionized various sectors, including consumer electronics, making lithium-ion batteries the dominant choice for many applications. However, challenges

Lithium-ion power sources have revolutionized our society, powering everything from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and grid storage systems. Its popularity stems from a combination of benefits, including high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rates. At the heart of these devices lies a complex electro